According to the U.S. Department of Energy, diesel engines offer 30- to 35-percent greater fuel economy than comparable gasoline engines.By design, diesel engines operate with a combustion process that's leaner, burning less fuel than a conventional spark ignition (gasoline) engine.
Diesel fuel also has higher energy density than gasoline, which means less fuel is required to generate the same power as gas, improving overall fuel economy.
Over the past ten years, diesel has averaged nearly 14 cents more per gallon than unleaded gasoline. At its peak, the cost of diesel fuel averaged more than 76 cents per gallon more than gasoline. Historically, diesel has been more expensive per gallon as a result of higher taxes and environmental restrictions. Currently, with cheaper fuel prices, diesel is typically 25 to 50 cents more per gallon than gasoline.Another benefit of gasoline is availability; there are certain areas where stations do not necessarily have a diesel pump. This could hamper drivers' productivity if they are spending too much time looking for places to fill up.
The diesel engine's fuel efficiency advantage, however, must also be weighed with its bigger price tag. In Class 3-4 trucks, the incremental cost for the diesel engine is between $5,000 to $8,000 or more than its gasoline counterparts. The diesel/gasoline price gap has nearly doubled over the last few years due to the exhaust after-treatment technologies developed to comply with Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) regulations for diesel emissions. A diesel engine's higher strength components also factor in to their higher up-front cost.A quick way to figure out if you will be able to recoup a diesel vehicle's initially higher cost is to use this rule-of-thumb: use the mileage break point of 30,000 annual miles. Above that number, diesel usually makes financial sense. At or below 30,000 miles, gasoline is a viable lower-cost option. Run a fuel-cost/comparison analysis specific to your truck's application to calculate the payback period to assess whether the diesel engine will generate cost savings, within an acceptable timeframe.
Over time, regular maintenance on a diesel generally will cost more than a gasoline engine. The diesel engine has components that are either not found on a gasoline engine or require servicing more often. Oil changes for a diesel engine cost more and are required more frequently. Filters are required to be changed more often. Also, getting access to the engine and components can take longer, resulting in higher labor costs.
Gasoline engines have longer service intervals for engine oil, spark plugs, and engine coolant. Parts are generally cheaper and more readily available.
Why are diesel engines expected to last substantially longer
than comparable gasoline engines?
Diesel engines have high-compression ratios and high cylinder pressure and, as a result, require sturdier engine parts - for example, block and cylinder heads, valves, crankshaft, and pistons. This is necessary to dissipate the higher engine temperatures and the higher compression ratios attained in a diesel engine. Also, a diesel engine's exhaust system will outlast a gas engine exhaust system because diesel fuel exhaust is not as corrosive as gasoline engine exhaust.
The diesel engine's operating efficiency as another key to its longevity. A diesel achieves higher torque at much lower speed, so it's operating at much lower rpm [revolutions per minute], a greater percentage of the time than gasoline engines. And the lower engine speed translates into fewer times a piston has to move up and down, the fewer times a valve must close, and so forth. All these things happen lots of times, but not quite as often as it does in a gasoline engine - and that impacts overall life.
